Count characters in your text, with and without spaces.
Counting is Unicode-aware, so accented and non-Latin characters count as one character each — and "without spaces" strips all whitespace, not just plain spaces (tabs and line breaks too).
The four common case styles aren't interchangeable — here's what each one is actually for, and the fastest way to fix text that was typed in the wrong one.
A practical reference for the character limits you actually run into — texts, tweets, meta descriptions, title tags — and which ones count spaces.
Word count sounds like a solved problem, but tools genuinely disagree — here's exactly how words, sentences, and paragraphs get counted, and why the number can shift between tools.